语法【虚拟语气】

虚拟语气是一种说话方式，表示主观愿望、不大可能实现的假想。

含有were, had, should，省略if，用倒装（把if去掉，were, had, should 放于句首）

①如果我是你，我不会那样做。

 If I were you, I would not do that.（与现在事实相反，主句：还没做）

 If I were you, I would not have done that.（混合虚拟条件句，主句与过去事实相反：已经做了）

  Were I you, I would not do that.（倒装）

  Were I you, I would not have done that.

②如果明天下雨，我不会出门。（与将来事实相反）

 If it rained tomorrow, I would not go out.

 If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go out.

 If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out.

 Were it to rain tomorrow, I would not go out.（倒装）

 Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go out.

③你要是早来一点，就可以见到Tom了。（与过去事实相反）

 If you had come earlier, you could have met Tom.

 Had you come earlier, you could have met Tom.（倒装）

④如果我还在学校，我会更努力学习。

 If I were still at school, I would study harder.（与现在事实相反）

 If I were still at school, I would have studied harder. （混合虚拟条件句，从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）

 Were I still at school, I would study harder.（倒装）

混合虚拟：条件状语从句的谓语和主句的谓语表示的动作在时间上不一致，被称为“混合虚拟条件句”或“错综虚拟条件句”。

1、如果他真的要走，你早就听说了。（主句与过去事实相反，从句与将来事实相反）

  If he really left, you would have heard about it.

  If he should leave, you would have heard about it.

  If he were to leave, you would have heard about it.

2、如果她再多得两票，现在就是我们的班长了。（主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反）

  If she had got two more/another two votes, she would be our monitor now.

含蓄虚拟：有些句子虽不含条件从句，但一些介词短语, 如: but for(要不是), without（没有）, otherwise(否则), in that case/way(那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气。

3、要不是你的帮助，我就找不到工作了。

  But for your help, I would not find the job.（主句与现在事实相反）

  But for your help, I would not have found the job.（主句与过去事实相反）

  find a job（还没找到，表示泛指，口语中找到工作常说 get a job）

   find the/this job （已经找到，表示特指）

   but for = if it were not for（与现在事实相反）/ if it hadn't been for（与过去事实相反）若不是……；要不是……

4、那样的话你会失去一切。

  In that case/way you would/could lose everything.（主句与将来事实相反）

从句中的虚拟语气：

①wish之后的宾语从句，表示没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望。

②would rather后的宾语从句，表示没有实现情况，“宁愿……”。

（从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示与现在或将来的事实相反；用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反）

③坚持（insist），命令（order, command），建议（suggest, advise, propose），要求（ask, require, request, demand）+ 宾语从句 【虚拟语气(should) +动词原形】

 口诀：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。

 ** insist表示“坚决认为，坚称”；suggest表示“表明，暗含，暗示”时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。

④it为形式主语的主语从句中，表达“惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此”意义时，使用虚拟语气（虚拟语气的结构为：should + do） 

I：It is surprising / important / strange / necessary / natural that... 惊讶

II：It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that...惋惜、遗憾

III: It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed / that...理应……(少用）

⑤even if, even though 引导的让步状语从句

⑥look/seem/smell…+ as if/though 引导的从句

5、但愿我能帮你。

  I wish I could help you.（从句与现在或将来事实相反）

   I wish I would help you. （will 表示愿意，意思就是嘴上说帮你，但不愿意帮……）  

6、但愿我有更多的时间。  

  I wish I had more time. （从句与现在或将来事实相反）

7、我宁愿你没有问我那个问题。  

  I would rather you hadn't asked me that question.（从句与过去事实相反）       

9、---你介意我在这儿吸烟吗？ 

    Would you mind if I smoked here? （语气委婉） 

  ---我倒是希望你别抽。

    I would rather you didn't.（从句与现在或将来事实相反）

9、我建议你跟我一起走。

  I suggested that you (should) go with me.      

10、我命令你现在离开。

   I ordered that you (should) leave now.

11、他努力工作是很重要的。 

  It is important that he should work hard. 

12、真奇怪，她竟然迟到了。 

   It is strange/surprising that she should be late.               

13、难怪你失眠了。

   It is no wonder that you should lose sleep.

  “失眠”的表达：be sleepless, lose sleep, can't sleep, can't fall asleep/fall into sleep

14、他说起来好像自己没念过书似的。（他说起来好像自己没文化。念书不是看书，而是上学或受教育）

   He talked as if/though he hadn't gone to school. 

  “上学或受教育”的表达：go to school; have education；study

15、就算你有钱，你也救不了他的命。

   Even though/if you had enough money, you wouldn't save his life. （与现在事实相反）

   Even though/if you had had enough money, you wouldn't have save his life. （与过去事实相反）

  “有钱”的表达：be rich, have money

虚拟语气的特殊句型：

①It is (high/about) time that... 从句中的谓语动词用did或should + do “是时候……”

②If only 引导的感叹句“要是......该有多好啊”（谓语动词用did，表示与现在或将来的事实相反；用had done，表示与过去事实相反）

14、是时候上床睡觉了。

   It is (high/about) time that you should go to bed.  

   It is (high/about) time that you went to bed.

15、要是我昨天去看了电影该有多好啊！

   If only I had gone to see a movie yesterday!（与过去事实相反）